Theodosia was the daughter of Arsaber, a Byzantine patrician. The name and rank of her father were recorded by both Genesius and Theophanes Continuatus, the continuation to the chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor. The name of her mother is unknown.
Arsaber led a failed revolt against Nikephoros I in 808. According to George Finlay: "In the year 808, however, a conspiracy was really formed to place Arsaber a patrician, who held the office of questor, or minister of legislation, on the throne. Though Arsaber was of an Armenian family, many persons of rank were leagued with him ; yet Nicephorys only confiscated his estates, and compelled him to embrace the monastic life.
The name of her father indicates Armenian origins. However the names of his ancestors are not known. Genealogical theories suggest Kamsarakan ancestry.
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